International Accounting - 4701 Words

Office hours: Thursday 4:30-5:30: as announced in class; and by appointment. (NOTE: I am typically in most weekdays, and appointments—face-to-face or telephone—are typically easy to arrange. I am also available by e-mail.) Required texts: †¢ Chapters 10 and 11 from Advanced Accounting, 11th edition Fischer, Taylor and Cheng. You can purchase these chapters as PDFs from: http://www.cengagebrain.com Here is some specific information about the book to help you find the chapters: Advanced Accounting,11th Edition (do not purchase chapters 10 and 11 from the 10th ed); Authors: P. Fischer, Wm. Tayler, R. Cheng; ISBN-13: 9780538480284 1152 Pages |  © 2012 †¢ Chapters 4 and 5 from International Accounting 3rd edition,†¦show more content†¦One point worth noting: I encourage you to form study groups. You can learn more, learn faster, and have more fun when you work together. HOWEVER, you will be expected to hand in your own work. Handing in a single paper with multiple names or near-identical copies of work is not acceptable. Class participation. Think of each class as an oral quiz, where you have 150 minutes to demonstrate your knowledge. You must be prepared for each class, to respond to questions about the assigned readings and problems. Obviously, regular attendance is essential for your grade since you will not be able to actively participate in classes that you do not attend. While it is only 15% of the total points, that amount can easily make a difference in your final grade. NOTE: To the extent possible, I keep track of the QUALITY of what you say rather than simply tracking the quantity of what you say. I am concerned with questions like: Does your comment contribute something new to the discussion? (as opposed to being something that can be summarized by â€Å"I agree with the previous comment†); Are you relating the current discussion to other classes that you have taken (accounting, finance, political science, OB†¦)?; Does your comment move the discussion along and create additional fruitful discussion? (A friendly suggestion: You will be more likely to be able to make really good comments if you are well prepared for class.) ALSO: Don’t be afraid to do research beyond theShow MoreRelatedInternational Accounting Standards1317 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Accounting Standards What is the International Accounting Standards Board? This paper will give a brief overview on the history of the International Accounting Standards, starting with the role of the IASC Foundation, the structure of the IASB and the number of accounting standards currently published. Next, it will explain the steps in creating an international accounting standard in accordance with due process and it will show the mailing address and phone number. Lastly, there willRead MoreInternational Accounting2762 Words   |  12 Pagesgood and labor transfer. (Aswathapa, 2010) EU Harmonizing efforts The European Union EU has worked to harmonize accounting standards within the EU by using two directives, which are the fourth Directive (1978) and the seventh Directive (1983) that were able to enforce laws. After applying the EU new accounting standards they decided in the year 1995 to transfer to international standards. Moreover, the transfer was done by following the IASC efforts. In the year 2000 the European Union requestedRead MoreInternational Accounting5411 Words   |  22 Pages08/10/2012 | AYB 227: International Accounting:Individual Assignment | Name: Chuan Yang - LiStudent no: n7592736Word count: 1461 | Executive summary i Introduction 1 Development factors and culture characteristics of country 1 * United Kingdom 1 * Germany 2 * Japan 2 Hofstede’s cultural dimensions 2 Accounting Practices predictions 3 Opacity Impacts on Business Investments 4 Limitations in Financial Reports, with respect to Ratios and Accounting Practices 4 ConclusionRead MoreThe International Accounting Standards Board1341 Words   |  6 PagesThe IASB Conceptual Framework is a framework developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). In a nutshell, what this framework does is to lay out the concepts needed for accurate preparation and presentation of financial statements to external users such as auditors, tax authorities, investors, regulatory authorities and so on. According to the IASB, the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting does the following; â€Å"†¦describes the objective of, and the concepts for, generalRead MoreInternational Accounting Standards ( Ias ) Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Accounting Standards (IAS) in effect since 2002 and International Board (IASB) together, provides the conceptual framework of financial reporting in the UK, in effect as of 2005. They have been working together to meet International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by International Finance Committee (IFC) which have been endorsed by the EU. IFRS uses a principles approach designed to provide flexibility, transparency and comparability allowing a robust system in providingRead MoreInternational Accounting Testbank2832 Words   |  12 PagesChapter 01 Introduction to International Accounting Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following groups is a supranational organization? A) United Nations B) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development C) International Federation of Accountants D) All of the above Answer: D Level: Easy LO: 1 2. Determination of net present value involves: A) forecasting future profits and cash flows. Read MoreThe International Accounting Standards Board Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesnew standard results in different accounting implications in the annual financial statements of Transnet. To evaluate the accounting implications of IFRS15 it must be compared with IAS 18. One major implication is the change from recognising revenue from services rendered by using the percentage of completion method that is stated in IAS 18. IFRS 15 recognises revenue either over-time or at a point in time. Introduction In May 2014, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued a newRead MoreAccounting Standard And International Accounting Standards Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesAccounting standard has been introduced after the World War II where every country has its own proper accounting practices such as the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (the US GAAP). As time flies, international trade and foreign direct investment has experience a period of rapid growth where the companies begin to expand their business in a larger scale. Frequent international mergers and acquisitions especially by American corporations to the European companies has createdRead MoreThe International Accounting Standards Board1573 Words   |  7 PagesAs the globalization of markets has become more prominent in recent years, many are wondering why a single set of accounting standards are not followed. After all, English may be the business language, but accounting is the language of busi ness. Accounting standards are essentially just rules that must be followed when reporting any accounting data on any of the company’s financial statements. The objective is to provide the user (creditor or investor) with relevant information of the company’s financialRead MoreThe International Accounting Standards Board1249 Words   |  5 Pageschallenged by disparate accounting standards between jurisdictions, preventing the free flow of capital worldwide. The mission of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is to develop a single set of accounting standards, enabling capital to flow in international markets as easily as information spreads between people. This paper presents a brief history of international accounting standard setting and the IASB, considers arguments for and against international standards, analyzes problems

Child Education In India Education Essay Free Essays

Education has continued to germinate, diversify and widen its range and coverage since the morning of human history. Every state develops its system of instruction to show and advance its alone socio-cultural individuality and besides to run into the challenges of the times. There are minutes in history when a new way has to be given to an antique procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Education In India Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now That minute is today. The state has reached a phase in its economic and proficient development when a major attempt must be made to deduce the maximal benefit from the assets already created and to guarantee that the fruits of alteration reach all subdivisions. Education is the main road to that end. Issues Prevelance of Child labor: All non-school traveling kids are child workers in one signifier or the other. Agricultural kid labor constitutes the nucleus of the job. Child labour policies and instruction policies have to be formulated and operated in tandem. Parents do desire to direct their kids to be educated and poorness as a confining factor is extremely over-rated. Motivation and handiness of substructure instead than poorness are the cardinal factors. The paper underlines the strengths of formal instruction in eliminating child labor and forcefully argues for a statute law to supply for compulsory education.A The chief statement against child labor and mandatory instruction is that it is necessary for the well-being of the hapless as the province is unable to supply alleviation. The 2nd statement, is that instruction would do the hapless ill-sorted for the sort of manual work that is required to be done. The 3rd statement is that certain industries would be forced to shut down if they did non hold the installation of the low pay kid labor. The last statement against censoring child labor and implementing mandatory instruction is that the State should non be allowed to interfere in the parents ‘ rights who know what is best for their kids and households. Lack of Coverage: Despite the regular enlargement of the ICDS, the coverage of kids for ECCE is still every bit low as 20 per centum. This is an issue of both unequal entree and unequal quality of service bringing. With ICDS go oning to be the chief vehicle for ECCE, the GOI is suggesting to spread out the service further and universalise it within the following few old ages. While this is a welcome proposal, the hazard is of spread outing excessively fast and compromising on quality. Girl Child Education: The Indian authorities has expressed a strong committedness towards instruction for all ; nevertheless, India still has one of the lowest female literacy rates in Asia. In 1991, less than 40 per centum of the 330 million adult females aged 7 and over were literate, which means today there are over 200 million illiterate adult females in India. Laws Associating to Child Education in India Constitutional place of instruction in India While sing the assorted facets of instruction with respect to province duty, judicial readings, given to this duty by assorted legal experts are the primary beginning of larning. In the good old times, instruction was basically an act of charity or philanthropic gift. Then, it was thought of as an ‘occupation ‘ . Judicial pronouncement went so far as to see it as an ‘industry ‘ . Whether or non to comprehend instruction as a cardinal right or non has been debated for a long clip. The constitution and the disposal of an educational establishment for the conveyance of cognition to pupils is an business, protected by Article 19 ( 1 ) ( g ) and to boot by Article 26 ( a ) , if there is no component of net income coevals. Imparting instruction has come to be a agency of support for some professionals. It is considered as a mission in life for some philanthropists. â€Å" Education † was a State Subject in position of the undermentioned Entry 11, placed in List II State List: – â€Å" 11. Education including universities, capable to the commissariats of entries 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I and entry 25 of List III. † By the Constitution ( 42nd Amendment ) Act 1976, the above-said Entry was directed to be deleted and alternatively Entry 25 in List III Concurrent List, was directed to be appropriately amended so as to read as under: – â€Å" 25. Education, including proficient instruction, medical instruction and universities, capable to the commissariats of entries 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I ; vocational and proficient preparation of labor † The Constitution of India has laid a directive before the province to do a proviso of free and mandatory instruction for kids below the age of 14 old ages. 45. Provision for free and mandatory instruction for kids: The State shall endeavour to supply, within a period of 10 old ages from the beginning of this Constitution, for free and mandatory instruction for all kids until they complete the age of 14 old ages. However, the authorities has non been successful in supplying equal installations of instruction for the under privileged kids, located in the rural countries. The Supreme Court in the instance Unnikrishnan vs. State of Andhra Pradesh ( 1993 ) ruled that the right to instruction is a cardinal right that flows from the right to life in Article 21 of the Constitution. Following this opinion, the 86th Constitution Amendment Act, 2002 added Article 21A, saying, â€Å" The State shall supply free and mandatory instruction to all kids of the age of six to fourteen old ages in such mode as the State may, by jurisprudence, determine. † The 86th Amendment besides modified Article 45, which now reads â€Å" The State shall endeavour to supply early childhood attention and instruction for all kids until they complete the age of 6 old ages. † The province late enacted the Right to Education Act, seeking to consequence the 86th Constitutional amendment Judiciary and Education In the judgement of Unnikrishnan, a Constitution Bench of this Court framed a strategy that governs admittances to professional colleges. The chief aim was to guarantee that virtue prevails in the affair of admittances, both in regard of what were called â€Å" free seats † every bit good as in regard of â€Å" payment seats. † This judgement was rendered on February 4, 1993. The strategy was to be effectual from the Academic Year 1993-94 onwards. Review Petitions were filed by several establishments against the said judgement. They were dismissed by the Constitution Bench. The judgement of P.A. Inamdar and others vs. State of Maharashtra was a landmark in the field of educational jurisprudence. Law studies are full with opinions related to the instruction in its several facets. Until the T.M.A Pai Foundation instance, there were four oft- quoted prima instances refering the field of instruction, viz. , ( I ) Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh ( 1993 ) 1 SCC 645 ( two ) St. Stephen ‘s College v. University of Delhi ( 1992 ) 1 SCC 558 ( three ) Ahmedabad St. Xavier ‘s College Society v. State of Gujarat ( 1974 ) 1 SCC 717 and ( four ) Rhenium: Kerala Education Bill, 1957, ( 1958 ) SCR 995. Right to Education Act The Right to Education Act seeks to give consequence to the 86th Amendment of the Constitution of India. Outstanding commissariats: The State shall guarantee a school in every vicinity Every school shall conform to certain minimal criterions, defined in the Bill Government schools shall supply free instruction to all admitted kids Private schools shall acknowledge at least 25 % of kids from weaker subdivisions ; no fee shall be charged to these kids Screening trials at the clip of admittance and capitation fees are prohibited for all kids Government schools will be managed by School Management The National Commission for Elementary Education shall be constituted to supervise all facets of simple instruction including quality. The Right to Education Act prescribes the Rights of Every Child as follows: Every kid between the age of 6 and 14 old ages has the right to full-time free and mandatory instruction in a neighbourhood school. Non-enrolled kids, of age group 7-9 old ages, have the right to be admitted in an age-appropriate class within one twelvemonth of the beginning of the Act, and kids, of age group 9-14 old ages, have the right to be provided particular programmes that will enable them to go to such class within three old ages. Children with terrible or profound disablement, who are unable to go to a neighbourhood school, have the right to be provided instruction in an appropriate environment. A kid can non be held back in any class or expelled from a school boulder clay Class VIII. Any ejection requires an order of the School Management Committee ( SMC ) , which will be given merely after all other disciplinary steps have been exhausted, and parents/guardians have been heard. The local authorization will take stairss to inscribe such a kid in another neighbourhood school. The Act besides prescribes the duty of the State as follows: The State shall guarantee handiness of a neighbourhood school for every kid within three old ages. In instance of non-availability, free conveyance or free residential installations shall be provided. The state/UT authorities shall find every twelvemonth the demand of schools, installations, and their locations ; set up extra schools as required ; deploy instructors and create installations for their preparation. The State shall develop a mechanism to supervise registration, engagement and attainment position of every kid, and take disciplinary stairss wheresoever required. Information in this respect will be made available in the public sphere, including on an online footing. School Admissions No school can carry on any screening process of any kid or parents at the clip of admittance. Children will be selected for admittance in a random mode. Capitation fees are prohibited. Commissariats refering School Management: All non-government schools have to be recognized by a Competent Authority or they must close down. The Act specifies certain norms ( such as teacher-student ratio, physical substructure etc. ) to be fulfilled by all schools as a pre-requisite for being recognized. All State and aided schools are required to organize School Management Committees ( SMCs ) with at least 75 % of the members being parents/guardians, and the other members stand foring instructors, the community and the local authorization. SMCs will pull off the school, including the countenance of leave Commissariats sing Content and Process Schools and academic governments explicating course of study shall conform to the values enshrined in the Constitution. Schools should run in a child- friendly and child- centred mode. No kid shall be required to look at a public scrutiny before finishing Grade VIII. Policies and Schemes Outstanding Policies in the Context of Provision of Early Childhood Care and Education ( ECCE ) in India National Nutrition Policy ( 1993 ) which recognized kids below six old ages as bad groups to be given high precedence. National Policy on Empowerment of Women ( 2001 ) , supported proviso of child care installations, including creches at work topographic points. India besides ratified Convention on Rights of the Child in 1992 and reaffirmed its committedness to kids, which resulted in preparation of policy model to fix a National Charter for Children. National Commission for Children has besides been set up. The Commission as visualized would protect/safeguard the rights of kids with a strong legal base. National Plan of Action for Children ( 2005 ) included universalisation of ECCE as one of the ends. It specified attention, protection and development chances for kids below 3 old ages and integrated attention and development and pre-school acquisition chances for 3-6 twelvemonth olds. National Curriculum Framework ( 2005f emphasized two old ages of pre-schooling and considered ECCE as important for holistic development of the kid, as a readying for schooling and as a support service for adult females and misss. It advocated play-based developmentally appropriate course of study Integrated Child Development Services ( ICDS ) India has the differentiation of holding conceptualized and floated possibly the universe ‘s largest plan for kids, modeled on the definition which says that working with kids means a more holistic position one of its constituents is child instruction, every bit early as in 1975. Known as the Integrated Child Development Services ( ICDS ) , this plan targets kids, pregnant and breastfeeding female parents and adolescent misss from a lifecycle perspective Non-formal preschool instruction has been one of its nucleus constituents. Other Policies and Schemes aˆ? National Policy on Education, 1968 aˆ? National Policy on Education, 1986 aˆ? National Policy on Education, 1986 ( As modified in 1992 ) aˆ? National Common Minimum Programme of the UPA Government, announced in May, 2004 Infusions associating to Education aˆ? National Curriculum Framework, 2005 aˆ? National Commission for Protection of Child Rights aˆ? Jawahar Bala Arogya Raksha aˆ? Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan ( RMSA ) aˆ? Incentives to Girls for Secondary Education aˆ? Information and Communication Technology in Schools ( ICT @ Schools ) aˆ? Primary Education – Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Suggestions Decentralized and holistic planning for kids: Given India ‘s diverseness and scale the planning procedure and designing of intercessions for kids have to be contextualized. This can merely be possible through a decentralized and participatory attack to planning and execution. The Education sector already has experience of this attack to some extent and the plans /services for younger kids would necessitate to larn from this experience and make out to kids in a more targeted and local specific manner. Precedence to and Ownership of ECCE: Very late, the entire duty of ECCE has been shifted from Department of Education within the Ministry of Human Resource Development to a freshly created Ministry of Women and Child Development. Though, it is excessively early to notice upon the deductions of this determination, nevertheless, it is likely to bring forth a batch of treatment and argument about the issue of ownership and its logistic location with the instruction sector. Prescription V. Practice: While, a favorable policy model and appropriate curricular counsel is available in the state for ECCE ; the world is that there is a big spread between what is prescribed or suggested and what is practiced. In a survey conducted by the NCERT ( 1998 ) it was found that about all the ICDS centres observed adhered to learning of 3 R ‘s ( reading, composing and arithmetic ) and there was a practical absence of any drama activities. Typically, the activities of preschool instruction under ICDS are conducted for a period runing from 45 proceedingss to two hours duration daily, with minimum drama and larning material support and that excessively, mostly in the absence of sufficient outdoor and indoor infinites, basic substructure installations and competent workers. Preschool instruction in private/ public baby’s room schools, once more, is mostly a downward extension of primary instruction course of study, with instructors frequently holding no ECCE preparation. Training Inputs and Institutional Support: Effective readying of teachers/service suppliers for ECCE is another issue, which is expected to find quality. Matching to the scope of ECCE plans and enterprises in India there is a assortment of developing commissariats in ECCE, every bit good. These scope from the two twelvemonth integrated Nursery Teachers ‘ preparation plan ( NTT ) which aims at fixing instructors for preschool phase ( 3-6 old ages ) and for the first two classs ( 6-8 old ages ) of the primary phase, In add-on, the course of study of higher/ senior secondary phase of instruction ( +2 ) in Central Board of Secondary Education, National Institute of Open Schooling and many State Education Boardss have besides included early childhood instruction as an country of vocational instruction. Public Spending on Childs: For the really first clip, in the twelvemonth ( 2004-05 ) , the Ministry of Women and Child Development ( MWCD ) in Government of India undertook a ‘child budgeting ‘ exercising to look at commissariats and outgos for kids more holistically. This portends good for a more comprehensive attack towards planning and budgeting for kids in the hereafter. The public financess allocated to kids are classified under four caputs in the kid budgeting exercising: ICDS A ; Nutrition, Education, Health and Child Protection and others. As per the Fundamental law of India, kid related commissariats are in the coincident list of duties with the States holding a outstanding function in service bringing. However, most of the provinces passing are on perennial points of outgos, it is the financess which are made available through the Centrally Sponsored Schemes that provide for reform and quality betterment. Overall, there has been an addition in outgo on kids as a per centum of GNP from 2.66 % in 1993-94 to 3.26 % in 2001-02 ( DWCD, Annual Report, 2004-05 ) . As indicated in Figure 13 below, in footings of comparative parts, both the cardinal and State parts show steady additions over clip, particularly since 1997-98, with the provinces ‘ part being significantly more dominant. Still the overall public outgo is far less than it should be. 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Malory Western Essay Example For Students

Malory Western Essay Honors Psych 2 2-23-04Analysis of LoveIn the observed couple, the male and female both displayed the rolesof their gender according to the Evolutionary Approach. The guy played hisrole by buying a candy bar to give to the girl, three days in a row. Healso opened a door for her and held her lunch tray while she was diggingthrough her backpack. The girl displayed her role by nurturing him (goingso far as to hand feed him cheetos), and calling him baby. She did notmake conspicuous attempts to use her looks or age to attract him however. Surprisingly, the guy did not act extremely macho or manly in astereotypical nature, but was subtler about it. In accordance with the Psychoanalytic Theory of love, the couple ismost likely in the step of projection. Both the guy and girl (separately)indicated that the other was perfect, flawless. The girl often defends theguy when people poke fun at his intelligence level (she insists he isntdumb). I believe they are together out of shared defenses (both are at thebottom of the high school social caste system and are the subject ofteasing). They really arent very opposite of each other, or very similar. More neutral than anything. I have no idea about their feelings of familyso the repletion reason of choosing a partner should not be ruled out. For the week or so I observed the couple, they seemed to be displayinginfatuous love as indicated by Sternbergs Triangular Theory. There is noquestion whether the relationship contained passion- neither can ever seemto keep their hands off the other, regardless of where they are or what isgoing on around them. They also show a high level of commitment (the guyfaithfully waits outside of every class for her, the girl is currently on amission to have the guy accompany her on a trip to New York she is taking,although he is not qualified to do so as he does not play an instrument. The couple does seem to lack the emotional component, and from myobservations there appears to be no intimacy. From the Love as a Story Theory, the couple looks as if they aredisplaying the Government Story. The girl holds power over the guy, anddisplaying this by ordering him around and making conditions he must meet. When he breaks a condition, she punishes him by getting visibly upset, andignoring him. I believe both people in this relationship are anxious/ambivalent. They areboth preoccupied with relationship issues, and both have the desire to beextremely close and are clingy. Im not sure of the details of their homelives, so I cannot say if they are searching for this sort of relationshipbecause of unpredictable parents or not. However, it could relate to theshared defenses of the couple that enables them to be so clingy (they drawstrength from one another?). To be honest, I have not learned much about love from this assignment. However, I realized that attraction plays a very strong role inrelationships, as does power and background (home, social, etc.) Thisprobably hasnt changed the way Ill look at future relationships, becauseit is very difficult to say you have learned something and to then apply itto life. Maybe Ill be wearier of the power factor in relationships, buttruthfully I doubt it will be in the front of my mind.