Racial discrimination and colonization in literature

Racial discrimination and colonization in literature Frantz Fanon once wrote, â€Å"Colonialism hardly ever exploits the whole country. It contents itself with bringing to light the natural resources, which it extracts and exports to meet the needs of mother country’s industries, thereby allowing certain sectors of the colony to become relatively rich. But the rest of the colony follows its path of under development and poverty or at all events sinks into it more deeply.† The term â€Å"Postcolonialism† refers broadly to the ways in which race, ethnicity, culture, and human identity itself are represented in the modern era, after many colonized countries earned their independence. However, some critics use the term to refer to all culture and cultural products influenced by imperialism from the moment of colonization until today. A work by postcolonial writer attempts at describing the interactions between European nations and the people they colonized. A post colonial reading reveals the characters racism and dis criminatory attitude that drives their action. A post colonial prospective presents a discourse describing an attempt of assimilation of a black man into a white society. One of the major characteristics of the principle of human rights is the fact that each and every human being was born free with equal rights and dignity. Hounding and favoritism of human beings based on ethnicity and race are violations that are very clearly going against this fundamental principle. Discrimination based on race can assume several forms, from the institutional discrimination and severe discrimination to other forms that are covert whereby certain ethnic and racial groups are barred from enjoying similar cultural, political, civil, economic and social rights as other classes of people in the same society. Postcolonial literature is something that cannot be bound by time. Post colonial studies especially theories cannot be made obligatory. It must be properly disseminated and assimilated before it can ever begin to address the issue of the complex cultural investment. The postcolonial literature reveals the characters racism and discriminatory attitude that drives the ir action. It prevails since the time of Shakespeare. Postcolonial Shakespeare for most of the people, means a little evincing an interest in the moor but there are certain specific Shakespearean text that are thought to lend themselves to post colonial reading because of their obvious engagement with the colonial issues of racial and cultural otherness. Tempest and Othello have received this status of most favored text by Shakespeare of the postcolonial label. In Othello, the postcolonial perspective presents a discourse describing an attempt of assimilation of a black man into a while society by marrying a white woman but by the end of the play the protagonist is stripped off from his white construct and is reduced back to the traditional role of a â€Å"moor†. Similarly Shakespeare’s Tempest, is considered a central work in postcolonial theory. It is thought to be, by some critics as an early postcolonial work. Many colonial theorists and critics tend to focus on th e character of Caliban as their centre of discussion. According to the critics, Caliban has been tied to the west’s image of the native people often described as bizarre in their appearance. The natives according to the colonizers are dehumanized and are considered one with nature, similar to that of Caliban’s character in Shakespeare’s Tempest. His character is also easily fooled and intoxicated by the Europeans. Such is the way the colonizers perceive the natives. It is mentioned by theorist Edward Said that the colonizers always considered themselves superior and considered the natives as â€Å"the others†. Racial discrimination has been rampant for many centuries, post colonial literature mainly focuses upon this segment in their discussion. Not only were the Europeans dominating over the natives physically but they also worked at erasing their cultural identity and their past in order to implant their own cultural customs. Racial discrimination is a theme that runs throughout postcolonial discourse, as white Europeans consistently emphasized their superiority over darker-skinned people. This was most evident in South Africa, whose policy of apartheid was institutionalized in national laws. Nadine Gordimer’s novel My Son’s Story is a brilliant example of the trials and tribulations of racially discriminated people. In her novel, Gordimer presents how a black family struggles to survive in a white dominated society. One of the main attractions of the plot is the character of Sonny. It’s his desperation to be one of the white people that sets Gordimer’s story apart from the rest. The character of Sonny has an affair with a white woman Hannah. Through this affair the mere logic of Edward Said is proven, the fact that the white masses dominated over the natives by rearranging their ideology and setting it in such a way that it perceives the white people as their superior in every sense. By Sonny’s affair with Hannah and his obsession with Shakespeare it is proved that his ideology was programmed in such a way that his attraction towards Hannah and Shakespeare are hints of him wanting to be one of the white masses. Unlike Gordimer’s My Son’s Story, there are other novels regarding racial discrimination that present the natives as â€Å"the other† and set the white colonizers as people with superior intellect. Although ironically in each of these novel their lies a hint of destruction that is caused by this very superior intellectual group of people and it is the natives who are represented with humanity. One such work of art is Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, that represents the natives from the view point of the colonizers. Although it is debated whether Conrad wrote it as a criticism to the colonizers or the natives. Heart of Darkness truly is deserving of its title name. The darkness that is emphasized in the title not only talks about the darkness of the region but the darkness that exists in the heart of the colonizers. The novel depicts some soul shattering images of the natives being tortured and chained by the colonizers. The novel beautifully narrates th e plight of the natives and depicts how the colonizers viewed them. Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart is another exemplary example of colonial racial discrimination. Achebe’s novel emphasizes Edward Said’s Orientalist theories, about how the colonizers dominated over the natives by implanting the colonial ideological thinking into the natives. The plot depicts how the natives are made to give up their own culture and customs and follow the colonial way of living. Achebe depicts in his novel how the things fall apart for the natives and their colony, how the natives are driven away from their own sense of identity and individuality. The concept of losing one’s identity has also been taken up by Derek Walcott in his poem The Sea is History. His poem talks about how the natives are clueless about their history, their roots and their identity. The poem depicts the native’s plight of not knowing their past and thus being unaware of their sense of identity. Discrimination was mainly done on the basis of colour, and one of the ways to dominate over the natives was to erase their sense of identity by dominating over their ideology. Since many of the natives culture was in form of orator and not written, it was fairly easy for the colonizers to establish their upper hand over the natives. Some other works that depicts racial discrimination are Coetzee’s novels Waiting for the Barbarians (1982), which is set in an imaginary empire not unlike South Africa, utilizes postmodern strategies and tactics to foreground their status as works of fiction, while at the same time suggesting a political posture t owards a real place and policy, which is, South African apartheid. Also, Salman Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children(1981), Michael Ondaatje’s novel The English Patient (1992), Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth (1961), Jamaica Kincaid’s A Small Place (1988), Isabelle Allende’s The House of the Spirits (1982), J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace (1990), Derek Walcott’s Omeros (1990), and Eavan Boland’s Outside History. Two essays that are worth mentioning in this particular genre are: Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin. White Masks and Ngugi Wa Thiongo’s Decolonising the mind. â€Å"When people like me, they like me in spite of my colour. When they dislike me; they point out that it isnt because of my colour. Either way, I am locked into the infernal circle.† This line of Frantz Fanon, a French psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary and writer, speaks about how he has been victimized by the same hard blow of hatred by white people. He believed that there is a paralytic judiciary system of whites towards the black. Franz Fanon gives utmost importance to the phenomenon of language. He said, â€Å"White men always claim to posses all knowledge of the world and believe in hallucinating black, because of their own means.† In his book Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon talks about how black race faces the lack of judgment in society and is always abolished out of societal virtues (Fanon, 1967 ). In another book on Colour Prejudice, he begins with the duality in the behavior of a black man towards a white man and towards another black man. His opposition towards such discrimination and racist factor was so strong that it compelled other revolutionaries to take a stand against such injustice firmly. Perceptions as far as the minorities are concerned, which specify that they are weak and inferior are usually planted in the minds of people from the majority group in their early stages of development. The minority group of people, in other words, the racially discriminated people are made to believe such perceptions by their parents, teachers and the society in which they grow in.Racism involves a set of actions or beliefs that considers an individual or a class of people to be inferior as compared to another individual or a class of people, due to their appearance physically, such as their skin color. These are perceptions that are fed in the minds of people and they usually have a lot of negative impacts on the individuals or group of people being considered to be inferior. One of the ways through which, ill-treatment and narrow mindedness against the minority can be eliminated is by reversing such unfounded perceptions. This can be done through increased awareness that all peop le are the same and those simple differences such as height or skin color cannot be adequate reasons for treating some people as less equals as the others and thus oppressed and exploited. The individuals that are racists are simply the product of a society that sponsors and encourages the vice in one way or another. In order to change such a society, there is need for both political and legal change to be shadowed. Politically, the interests of the minority should be well addressed and this can be done through increasing the political representation of the groups facing discrimination. Laws that are aimed at protecting the rights of the minority should be enacted so that anyone violating these rights is to be dealt with severe punishment. The minorities themselves have also a role to play in ending prejudice and discrimination against them. They should ensure that they are in the forefront in the campaign against oppression, prejudice and discrimination along racial lines. As African Americans place in today’s new age society has changed over the centuries and along with it so has the focus of African-American literature. Before theAmerican Civil War, the literature primarily consisted of memoirs by people who had escaped from slavery; the genre ofslave narrativescomprised accounts of life in slavery and the path of justice and redemption to freedom. There was an early peculiarity between the literature of freed slaves and the literature of free blacks who had been born in the North. Free blacks had to express their oppression in a dissimilar narrative form. Free blacks in the North often spoke out against slavery and racial injustices using the spiritual narrative. The spiritual addressed many of the same themes of slave narratives, but has been largely ignored in current scholarly conversation. At the turn of the 20th century, non-fiction works by authors such as  W. E. B. Du Bois  and  Booker T. Washington  debated whether to confron t or appease racist attitudes in the United States. During the  American Civil Rights movement, authors such as  Richard Wright  and  Gwendolyn Brooks  wrote about issues of  racial segregation  and  black nationalism. Today, African-American literature has become recognized as an integral part of  American literature, with books such as  Roots: The Saga of an American Family  by  Alex Haley,  The Color Purple(1982) by  Alice Walker, which won the  Pulitzer Prize; and  Beloved  by Toni Morrison achieving both best-selling and award-winning status. Bernice McFadden quoted, â€Å"Dont you know sugar is brown first? White folks couldnt stand the fact that something so sweet shared the same color as the people who cut the cane, slopped the hogs and picked the cotton. So they bleached it to resemble them, and now they have gone and fooled everybody. You included.† Decolonizing a person’s mind is quite difficult to do because it cannot be done. Once the natives have been colonized for certain time period the colonizers history merges with that of the natives. Aijaz Ahmed in his essay wrote that when India was colonized by the British, their language that they shared with the natives became a part of the Indian culture and if the natives wish to ignore that culture in order to decolonize their minds, they are unintentionally discarding a part of their own culture. Doing so, will not accomplish anything and it will only end up fogging the sense of identity in the natives. According to Ngugi Wa Thiongo, in his essay Deco lonizing the mind he writes that, The oppressed and the downtrodden of the earth preserve their rebelliousness: liberty from robbery. However the prevalent weapon wielded and actually daily set free by the imperialism against that combined disobedience is the cultural attack. The effect of a cultural bomb is to destroy people’s faith in their religion, in their speech, in their surroundings, in their inheritance of great efforts , in their harmony, in their capability and eventually in themselves. It makes them want to recognize with that which is furthest detached from themselves; for example, with other peoples’ languages other than their own. It makes them categorize with that which is immoral and backward-looking, all those forces which would end their own life. It even grows chain of doubts about the ethical aptness of struggle. Possibilities of success or conquest are seen as unreachable, unreasonable dreams. The intended results are despair, hopelessness and a c ollective death wish. Amidst this wasteland which it has created, imperialism presents itself as the restore to health and demands that the dependant sing hymns of praise with the regular refrain: ‘theft is holy’. Indeed, this refrain sums up the new statement of belief of the neo colonial bourgeoisie in many independent African states. The classes fighting against imperialism even in its neo-colonial stage and form and have to tackle this threat with the higher and more creative culture of unyielding struggle. These classes have to wield even more firmly the weapons of the struggle contained in their cultures. They have to speak the united language of struggle enclosed in each of their languages. They must discover their various tongues to sing the song: A people united can never be defeated. We have a black president in U.S now , but does it mean that we are witnessing a post racial America ? The answer is no. Present day America is more racially polarized .Racial violence is on the rise. Black people can never realize their potential and goals, unless the thinking of White colonizers is reconceptualized and perceived afresh by which I mean a change in the way the White people perceive their identity vis a vis their country .This reconceptualization is something which Baldwin tries to do in The Fire Next Time. He stresses the importance of mediating one’s own identity and necessity to move away from white mediums of representation. He aims at flipping the power equations and to invert the hierarchies. Going by this vision, it is the white man who is in shackles (trapped in history), who needs to be free for the black people to be free (Baldwin, 1963 ) . Though he is offering a paradigm shift in the sense that he is offering a conception of White men in nonwhite terms, yet he does not do away with the entire idea of the white and the black. White colonizers need to stop seeing each other through the lens of race/colour but as equals.

Quirino Grandstand Hostage Drama Essay

I. INTRODUCTION Although the history of kidnapping and hostage-taking is a very long one, it is only relatively recently that there has been a systematic attempt to understand the effects, both long-term and short-term, on individuals and their families. This is an important issue for clinical and academic reasons. The advice of mental health professionals is sought with increasing frequency with regard to the strategic management of hostage incidents and the clinical management of those who have been abducted. There is evidence to suggest that how best to help those who have been taken hostage is a sensitive and complex matter, and those who deal with such individuals should be as well informed as possible since such events can have long-term adverse consequences, particularly on young children. The Manila hostage crisis, officially known as the Rizal Park hostage-taking incident occurred when a dismissed Philippine National Police officer took over a tourist bus in Rizal Park, Manila, Philippines on August 23, 2010. Disgruntled former senior inspector Rolando Mendoza of the Manila Police District (MPD) hijacked a tourist bus carrying 25 people (20 tourists and a tour guide from Hong Kong, and four Filipinos) in an attempt to get his job back. He said that he had been summarily and unfairly dismissed, and that all he wanted was a fair hearing and the opportunity to defend himself. Negotiations broke down dramatically about ten hours into the stand-off, when the police arrested Mendoza’s brother and thus incited him to open fire. As the shooting began, the bus driver managed to escape, and was shown on television saying â€Å"Everyone is dead† before being whisked away by policemen. Mendoza and eight of the hostages were killed and a number of others injured. The MPD’s failed rescue attempt and gun-battle with the hijacker, which took around 90 minutes, were watched by millions on live television and the internet. The Philippine and Hong Kong governments conducted separate investigations into the incident. Both inquiries judged that the victims had been unlawfully killed, and identified the Philippine officials’ poor handling of the incident as the cause of the eight hostages’ deaths. The assault mounted by the MPD, and the resulting shoot-out, have been widely criticized by pundits as â€Å"bungled† and â€Å"incompetent†, and the Hong Kong Government has issued a â€Å"black† travel alert for the Philippines as a result of the affair. II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY It was August 23, 2010 when the whole world alarmed in one of the most tragic hostage taking happened in Quirino Grandstand Manila, Philippines. Many people were sad and shocked to what happened in the said event. At about 9:30 in the morning, dismissed commission police officer Rolando Mendoza took hostage 25 tourists from Hongkong and some Filipino staff who were in a bus to leave Fort Santiago for Manila’s Rizal Park. The ensuing hostage lasted 11 hours and ended with nine individuals, including the hostage taker, dead.1 and the other hostages were injured. According to the report Mendoza is a hard-working and kind. He received lots of award for being brave and loyal to his profession. Mendoza said he was summarily dismissed without the opportunity to properly defend himself, and that all he wanted was a fair hearing.2 and to get his job back. He did this way just to get attention the government official. As we all know Media is the most likely source of information for most people. In this kind of situation it is very dangerous job for the media because he has to put himself in a place that should be right.3 but in what happened in the Quirino Grandstand Hostage taking crisis it seem that many media people were blamed because they reported beyond the limit. We are in the fact that a media person serve as access of information of issues that are of public concern even if they are at risk. There were many media lapses in that incident. Towards the evening of the hostage taking, many media networks were covering the hostage taking crisis live. Among none of them did it seem to have occurred to that irresponsible coverage of the event could cost lives.4 Some of them during the hostage event reported the unconfirmed information, they revealed the police and troops movement and many more lapses that caused the anger of Mendoza. III. BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS (HOSTAGE TAKER AND CAPTIVE/S) IV. MOTIVES IN THE INCIDENT Taking hostages has a long history as a method, with variable effectiveness, of securing concessions from individuals, organisations and governments. More recently, it has become a popular tactic among terrorist organisations. Although the resilience of individuals should never be underestimated, there is evidence that being taken hostage can have enduring effects, particularly on children. Individuals vary in how they cope with such an experience, both during and subsequent to it. The literature demonstrates that the research base is limited, and many important questions remain to be answered. Hostage-taking is an area of clinical and scientific interest. Apart from the need to establish the most effective post-incident interventions for individual hostages and their families, there are opportunities to develop further insights into the dynamics and effects of unequal power relationships. V. PROBLEMS The ideal equipment of a SWAT team more or less are as follows: communication apparatus, armor vest, helmets, gas mask, pistols, assault rifles for close quarter battle, handcuffs, synchronized watches, binoculars, telescopes, night vision goggles, battering rams, ladders, ropes, stun grenades, teargas, smoke grenades, stick lights, flashlights, spotlights, telescopic gun sights, hydraulic jacks, bolt cutters, glass shutter explosives, fire extinguisher, fireman’s ax, chain saw, SWAT van, gloves, carpentry tools, acetylene torch and rain gears. There was lack of equipment on the part of Manila SWAT to handle the situation. Although they had their basic weapons such as their armor vest (the effectiveness are already in deep question), their rifles, pistols and Kevlar helmets but still by standards, these are not adequate to address the hostage crisis situation. It is very evident that they were not even carrying with them flashlights but all of the time they were reporting and complaining that the interior of the bus was dark. The lack of equipment already put the breaching operation into a compromise. The element of surprise was gone that resulted into a stall that lasted for sometime thereby endangering lives. The doubt regarding the effectiveness of their armor vest contributed to the apprehension of the SWAT members to rush inside the bus during the assault. The Manila SWAT was not only ill-equipped but they were not trained in different kinds of situations. In fact they had to rehearse on the very day of the hostage situation. The trainings of the Manila SWAT as provided by the Manila Police District are not updated and simulated operations were conducted, if ever conducted, was a long time ago. They don’t even know the serial numbers of their guns at an instant query. They train on their own personal account. Skill acquired through trainings diminishes after some time and needs to be constantly updated. VI. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE CRISIS MANAGEMENT TEAM VII. CONCLUSIONS The reasons presented for the decriminalization are obviously overwhelming. In a nutshell, by all standards, Gen. Magtibay was an incompetent commander, organizer and manager. To top this off, he was also grossly and recklessly insubordinate at a most crucial moment. One is tempted to put the whole blame on the hostage debacle upon him, if not for the equally incomprehensible lapses and indecisions committed by both his superiors and men all throughout the hostage crisis, specifically on strategy, intelligence, coordination, and deployment. But it is without question that he carries the biggest accountability for the disastrous and murderous outcome of the hostage crisis. As such, it stands to reason for the Senate and the House of Representatives to give decriminalization of libel a chance. Honestly, as an individual I got pissed off because those people tasked to handle the situation didn’t do it by the book. First and foremost to be considered is the safety of the hostages which as viewed was never the order of priority of those people expected to save same. In all hostage-taking drama that I’ve known, neutralizing the hostage-taker is no. 1 in the agenda, which if initially done could have prevented the carnage. I just hope this won’t happen again, but if it does- just neutralize the hostage-taker once and the drama will end! It’s such a shameful and horrific event that the only positive thing we get out of the experience is to learn something from it. From that Learn we have to our mistakes. . VIII. RECOMMENDATION The investigation report also recommended administrative or criminal charges for 15 individuals and organizations, including Manila mayor Alfredo Lim, Vice-Mayor Isko Moreno, ombudsmen Merceditas Gutierrez and Emilio Gonzales III, government undersecretary Rico J. Puno, retired Philippine National Police chief director general Jesus Verzosa, National Capital Region Police Office director Leocadio Santiago Jr., Manila Police District chief superintendent Rodolfo Magtibay, MPD hostage negotiator Orlando Yebra, SWAT commander Santiago Pascual, journalists Erwin Tulfo and Mike Rogas, and three broadcasting networks. The IIRC recommended that an administrative case be filed against negotiator police Superintendent Orland Yebra and that possible criminal liability should be determined, but the Palace only recommended neglect of duty without any recommendation on possible criminal case. The IIRC also recommended that Chief Inspector Santiago Pascual be held liable for gross incompetence and possible criminal action, but the Palace affirmed the gross incompetence case without recommendation for possible criminal liability. The filing of administrative and criminal cases against Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim, but Malacanang said that Lim should be held liable for simple neglect of duty and misconduct. Charges be filed against several personalities but the recommendation was revised when it reached Malacaà ±ang. IX. REFERENCES 1.First Report of the INCIDENT INVESTIGATION and REVIEW COMMITTEE on the August, 23, 2010 Rizal Park Hostage-taking Incident: SEQUENCE OF EVENTS, EVALUATION and RECOMMENDATIONS, Incident Investigation and Review Committee, September 16, 2010, pp. 9–10, 16, 22, 24. 2.†Hong Kong criticizes handling of Manila hostage crisis†. Reuters. August 23, 2010. http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/08/23/us-philippines-hostage-hongkong-idUSTRE67M35B20100823. Retrieved July 14, 2011. 3.Mair, John; Blanchard, Ben (August 24, 2010). â€Å"Philippines defends handling of bus hostage crisis†. International Business Times. 4.http://uk.ibtimes.com/articles/45880/20100824/philippines-defends-handling-

The Undeniable Reality About Diversity Secondary Essay Samples That Nobody Is Sharing With You

The Undeniable Reality About Diversity Secondary Essay Samples That Nobody Is Sharing With You Also the requirement of the diverse workforce is getting more not only since there are various people but also since they can produce far better results with having various sorts of individuals working. Despite the fact that you don't need to cater to people's biases, you likewise don't need to diminish your odds of getting into college. At the close of the day, it's important that we know, and become acquainted with the different kinds of people in our environment. The issue is that most people haven't a clue what math actually is. Diversity Secondary Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! Individuals could have their own preferences too. Therefore, many employment opportunities are supplied to women, minorities and individuals with certain physical disabilities to be able to make and build healthy company image. Graduate programs are always searching for students with distinct backgrounds to help diversify their classes, so being a minority, immigrant, or a different underrepresented demographic could be precisely what you have to set yourself aside from the remainder of the applicant pool. An ability to understand your patients irrespective of background is an integral portion of your life for a health care provider. Sometimes negative stereotypes may have a positive effect on individual behavior. Diversity includes anything about an individual's background that is likely to make her or his perspectives and skills unique. A word or a body language that's showing friendliness might be viewed as impoliteness for other group of individuals. How to Get Started with Diversity Secondary Essay Samples? There are lots of facets to impartially managing diversity for a manager and establishing the proper attitude in the remainder of the department. Therefore, if you're planning to eventually apply to graduate school, bear in mind that you may have to writ e just one more diversity statement! Diversity, although it could possibly be an intangible notion or quality, still requires tangible evidence. The school system is the ideal instance of a branch of society which has plenty of multiculturalism and diversity. Usually, diversity can be observed everywhere. In other words, it is a static concept. Age diversity has its advantages and disadvantages. Diversity and underrepresented minority aren't synonymous. To be perfectly honest, there is simply an infinitesimal possibility that we're able to contribute. Don't be scared to talk about your ideas as part of creative procedure and remember there's just one approach to reach the desired goals receiving papers which have been meticulously checked, reviewed and proofread. There's a value of having diverse workforce to supply much better performance. If you don't feel as if you have enough time to compose essays by yourself, we will assist you, any instance of the day, seven days per week. Diversity Secondary Essay Samples: No Longer a Mystery You have to have invested yourself in the area of diversity to have lived and breathed uniqueness to be able to write successfully about how you'll result in your school's diverse population. There fore, American culture is genuinely a mixture of different cultures. It features a lot more areas than what was originally thought to be diversity that was based on visual dimensions. In grades K through 12, there's certainly going to be many different cultures. The Hidden Gem of Diversity Secondary Essay Samples A college campus has become the most diverse portion of the school system. It is possible to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the assistance of our professional experts. For instance, if a school focuses a good deal on community service and you've got similar experiences, mention that. Moreover, medical schools already know about each one of the programs and resources they give, and that means you wouldn't be providing much value via your writing. Choosing Diversity Secondary Essay Samples Is Simple Diversity statements are a somewhat new addition to the work application packet. Even then you're una ble to discover the informative and accurate info. Ally you must do is to correctly submit your order instructions and produce the payment. You don't need to fret about your personal details that could be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. The Fight Against Diversity Secondary Essay Samples Starting your essays early is critical because senior year will be exceedingly busy. Your very first draft shouldn't be your final draft. You are going to be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and the moment you choose to purchase essay and pick an allocated writer, things are likely to get even more exciting. Actually, a seasoned writer can do the job much faster than any student as they've been writing academic assignments during their entire life. Our private statement writer service and our private statement writers, specifically, can supply you with all the ideal help and support as a way to make certain you have a wholly distinctive and effective writing personal statements for college a diversity statement that's written perfectly and in an extremely effective manner that is especially targeted to your audience. As our group of writers is quite big, we always have free writers keen to bring a manageable and well-paid purchase. The Birth of Diversity Secondary Essay Samples For instance, the blacks who are employed in an organization that's white-dominant, they are mo st likely to be boycott. No country can survive by itself. American culture started to form before the US became a nation. In the usa as well as some other countries diversity is everywhere there's no avoiding it, it comes in various shapes, sizes, and colours.

The Effect Of The Economic Recession On Small And Medium Companies Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 19 Words: 5784 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Since the establishment of Salfordia in 1975, the company has continued to enjoy growth which has increased the capability of the company greatly. However, that growth has been affected by the emergence of the economic recession which not only hits small medium size companies such as Salfordia in the whole country, as it also affects large and small medium size companies worldwide. Therefore, amidst this economic recession Salfordia has not been an exception, as most of their market clients either private or public sectors are finding it difficult to either have access to or buy out exactly the developed properties. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effect Of The Economic Recession On Small And Medium Companies Business Essay" essay for you Create order This scenario has urged the need for the company to moderate the consequence of the present economic climate and also to get on market relocation. In order to neutralize the effect of this adverse market environment, Salfordia has decided through its management board to acquire a 5 years plan which meets annual target. It is hoped that the acquirement of such plan could situate Salfordia in a good stead to preserve and augment its profit margin even thought this hard economic period does not help. However, integrating this 5 years plan in Salfordia would not be an easy task due to its current philosophy, organizational structure and socio cultural behavior, i.e. family business nature, and also giving contemplation to the present economic climate. As a result it is in view of this that the management has commissioned this report to analyze the critical potential issues that may result from the achievement of this strategic plan. 1.1 The critical, strategic analysis During decision making process, before propose any recommendation it is essential to analyze the scenario in order to gain the required acknowledge, therefore this section deals with the investigation on the micro-environment which consists of broad environmental factors that could impact to a greater or lesser extent on Salfordia. In order to improve market share, and be profitable, survive! It is vital to explore the Salfordia environment, as this is what gives organisations their means of survival. Being Salfordia a company which focus their business in both commercial and industrial building in an equal workload levels, the first priority for them, as stated in its mission is to keep their customer satisfied by ensuring clients expectations are met. This is mainly based on achieving quality, budget and service; therefore clients are the most significant people for any businesses, as they are the resource upon which the success of the business depends. Research reveals, that it costs five times as much to attract new clients as it does to keep an existing one. The relationship between the client and the organisation is crucial, keeping clients pleased Salfordia would gain their expectation which is the key factor to make the company always profitable and the clients first choice. Thus, in order to achieve clients expectation it is practical to bear in mind the following points: Repeat business is the spine of selling as it helps to contribute revenue and decisiveness for the business. Companies are dependent upon their clients. Without developing client fidelity and contentment, could direct business lose their clients The company would not exist without customers. The company function should be to fulfil the needs of the customers. Nevertheless, it is difficult to meet clients expectations as environmental changes are part of life and Salfordia is not exempted of such fatal changes i.e. source of threats. Example, hostiles shifts i n market demand, new regulatory requirements, revolutionary technologies or the entry of new competitors. 1.2 PESTEL Analysis As a result, this section focus on the application of PESTEL analysis, as this helps to indentify how of the different aspects such as the political, economic, social, technological and legal environments might impinge on Salfordia Company (Gerry et al., 2008). In addition, it also enables Salfordia to develop more informed strategies (i.e. long term plans), as it identifies key drivers of change; which could be used to construct scenarios of possible futures. As mentioned previously, the company had an incessant decline from (2007 to 2009) the fact is that even though Britain officially entered recession on 23 January 2008 (Guradian.co.uk), they still had made an average profit of  £233,000. However, in the current year Salfordia has had a substantial loss of - £75,000 which is assumed to be linked with diverse factors such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. Having England officially entered in recession, which is normally accompanied by inflation, the effects of it can ruin many Businesses including Salfordia, as this means that their expenses could raise quite a bit, even as their income is under pressure. The inflation is a chain that affects both sides i.e. companies and clients. While recession takes a choke hold on the economy, it is more likely that there are fewer new clients walking through the doors of Salfordia and the existing clients may shut their wallets tightly as they also try to control their rising expenses. Consequently, it is vital to think up ways to increase the sales as well as the profits, as the resulting loss of income and decline in profits could be detrimental to Salfordia and could ruin it. It is appropriate to emphasize that companies profit are also linked with many external factors as it could be seen previously, Therefore, the global credit crunch does not only affect companies as it also is interrelated with Politics. As Gerry et al., (2008) mentioned these key drivers are o f course interconnected: high political instability and low economic growth are likely to go together. As a result below an investigation will be conducted in order to comprehend the various reasons that may have affected the good performance of Salfordia. A couple of months ago, England had elections which led the country to change its government. A report from the insurance service network, (2009) affirms that the global credit crunch starts to have an impact on the political stability, i.e. shifting from being an economic problem to a political problem. Furthermore, suggests that when an economy is in downturn, the government has less resource available to deal with issues when they arise, potentially leading to political instability. Yet, this statement confirms that is more likely that England was another victim of the recession which led the country changes its politics i.e. government change. As a result, the new government Politics (funding and policies) and legislativ e change (new requirements) in a way arouse uneasiness on the clients and the market itself, affecting in special small medium size companies such as Salfordia in the construction industry suffering disproportionately as a result of the recession, as it is clearly demonstrated that during the economical and political stability the company has been making profit i.e. surviving. 1.3 Social It is important to understanding social influence in organisation, as it can help Salfordia in this case to appreciate what motivates their clients. By achieving that understanding, Salfordia could develop strategies to target influencers, develop relationships, and leverage their social influence in different situations (Ellwood, 2010). In this case the social influence in Salfordia is closely linked to its organisational structure which is described by Covin and Slevin (1990, cited in Altinay Altinay, 2004) as the arrangement of workflow, communication, and authority relationships within an organization. The social influence in organization as stated previously is linked to the organisational culture. Salfordia as a family nature business has its own culture. Schein,(2004) explains that culture is an integral part of human society although quite abstract, it wields a very high influence on individuals and as a group. From this fact it can be seen why culture is principally in grained in the heart of people making it very hard to change, Moreover irrespective of the size, age and complexity of an organisation, it tends to exhibit its own restricted way of process which differentiates it from every other organisation. Innovation and entrepreneurship are fundamental drivers in todays economy, as this involves the conversion of new knowledge into a new product, process or service and the putting of this new product, process or service into use, either via the marketplace or by other processes of delivery. Although Salfordia has in the past 3 years up-graded its In-house IT systems (mostly financial) based upon commercial software / hardware. The fact is that innovation is a key aspect of business-level strategy for Salfordia since it is implicated with quality, price and sustainability (Gerry et al. 2008). This fact requires Salfordia being an innovative organisation as Gerry et al. (2008) explains that working in private sector, innovation becomes often a condition of simple survival as this market is increasingly competitive. Furthermore, he emphasizes that the public sector also needs innovation due to ceaseless cost pressures and increasing public demands which are compelling constant innovation and even new kinds of entrepreneurship. 1.4 SWOT analysis Having applied the PESTEL analysis, it is also import to employ the SWOT analysis as this method is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organisations. Gerry et al. (2008) counter that the aim of SWOT analysis is to identify the extent to which strengths and weaknesses are relevant to, or capable of dealing with, the changes taking place in the business environment. Nevertheless, the SWOT analysis headings offer an excellent framework for reviewing strategy, position and direction of a company or business proposition. 1.5 Analysis of the Organization Structure and Culture Salfordia is one small medium-sized construction management / contracting organisation based in Salford. The company started trading in 1975 and does not employ direct labour, i.e. all work is carried out by sub-contractors whom have been working for Salfordia for several years on multiple projects.The company is of Family nature business (i.e. a conservative nature / culture) and has been obtaining 100% of its projects in the North West region; all through traditional procurement route. However, they had a substantial loss of - £ 75,000. Salfordia covers a wide range of construction projects both private and public sector clients, such as offices and industrial facilities. Salfordia being a family nature business has advantages and disadvantages. At the moment Salfordia is in its 3rd generation and according to reserchs it could means that Salfordia is experimenting one of those follow cases, example lack of creating a plan or the reduce number of family nature business survi vors, as only between 5 to 15 percent continue into the hands of third generation or descendents of the founder(s). Yet, the implementation of the SWOT analysis would provide to this research more precise information in order to review the strategy, position and direction of Salforia proposition. Moreover, the SWOT analysis carries out an investigation in the existing structure of the Company, which will allow finding remedy to the causes of poor companys performance. 1.6 Strengths Since its humble beginning in the UK construction industry, Salfordia has now acquired a 35 years old history as a family business. This becomes one of Salfordias key strengths, as its experience can meet clients expectation. In any business the experience is something very coveted, and having 35 years in the market gives reputation to the company. Entering the heavy construction industry is complicated for new companies; as a result, the long standing name that Salfordia has developed is one of its primary strengths. This reputation in both private and public projects, commercial and industrial building encourages trust to clients to invest their money. This major achievement can have a profound effect on the capital base of the company. Communication within organization is vital, in relation with speed, Salfordia is also faster than others, as communication in family business environment is much easier and as a result, decision making can be taking quicker due the family being a natural team. Time in construction is essential therefore, fast decision are time saving i.e. speed is everything. However, the fact that family business is a natural team, this can make solidarity considered as trick one, as it is necessary to find equilibrium. No company is exempt of fight which means family business also have fights, but the advantage of it is that when the goal is to help the family business win, turf battles diminish. It is common in family business to have a clan culture which is synonymous of family culture usually typified with a vastly friendly atmosphere of operation in the company. The organization operations are running like an extension of the family. This culture type offers the advantage of getting absolute contribution from every member of the organization as a friendly environment helps to ease potential communication barriers. The employees in this type of organizations also see themselves as members of the same clan which makes issue nego tiation a lot easier. Nature plus nurture, growing up in a family atmosphere makes people absorb the skills that needs in order to succeed i.e. gives awareness of the life that the relatives lead. In addition, it makes people more familiar with the trials and tribulations, and what it took them to make a living for their descendents. Another asset that family nature business has is its authenticity, this allows member of family to work in a friendly environment and in addition, to have the ability to be fearlessly and emotionally honest which in a way can help a family business thrive. As mentioned previously, trust is essential in all business. Being Salfordia a family business there is a very high level of trust among family members, so it enables people to talk to each other very freely and openly. Finally regarding to work, in family business it is more likely that family members work twice as hard as other employees. However, construction sector is undergoing for di fficult time due to the lack of available projects, which means that every company has to work that bit harder to attract the lucrative contracts. Most large contracts are offered either by the government or by multinational companies which require that certain criteria are met. Failure to meet these criteria can result in the loss of a contract, even if the company is seemingly the best for the role. The above fragments have assumed some of the strengths that Salfordia has obtained throughout the years and also due to its organization structure, however, this analysis is needed to be taken in order to address the 5 years strategic plan. As anything in life family business have advantages as it could be seen previously and also disadvantages, which are explored below. 1.7 Weaknesses The major weaknesses or disadvantage that can affect the organisational structure of Salfordia is the high propensity not to deliver as at when due, the extremely friendly environment creates an enabling platform for laxity in the workplace. In term of complexity, family nature businesses are normally more complex in terms of governance than their counterparts due to the accumulation of a new variable: the family. Adding the family emotions and issues to the business increases the complexity of issues that these businesses have to deal with. Unlike in other types of businesses, family members play different roles within their business, example; In Salfordia the family members already hold specific roles: CEO; CFO; Contracts Director; Business Planning Director; Industrial Build Director. This fact can sometimes lead to a non-alignment of incentives among all family members. The informality can also lead to much inefficiency and internal conflicts that could threaten the conti nuity of the business, as most families run their businesses themselves (at least during the first and second generations), there is usually very modest interest in setting clearly articulated business practices and procedures. Another fact that is also connected with informality is the lack of discipline. Research reveals that many family businesses do not pay sufficient attention to key strategic areas such as: CEO and other key management positions succession planning, family member employment in the company, and attracting and retaining skilled outside managers. Delaying or ignoring such important strategic decisions could lead to Salfordia failure as a business (Indalecio, 2010). 1.8 Opportunities The application of PESTEL analysis, as helped to indentify how the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal environments might impinged on Salfordia. Therefore, through its implementation it was identified key drivers of change; which is going to be used to develop more informed strategies (i.e. long term plans) and constructing scenarios of possible futures. As mentioned prior a couple of months ago, England had elections which led the country to change its government. Such change has brought new regulations that are favorable to companies such salfordia. According to Business Innovation and Skills BIS (November 2010), this Government is committed to a comprehensive effort to prioritise small businesses and those that run or aspire to run them. This decisive plan is required, as it will reduce the deficit and to restore confidence in the UK economy. The reason of that, it is because small and medium sized companies such as Salfordia are vital to econo mic growth, as they are the heart of the economy, providing 60 per cent of jobs and half of GDP. As a result, Minister Mark Prisk hosted a Summit for Small Business and set out a cross government package of measures to help the five million small and medium companies in this country grow and boost enterprise across Britain (National News, 2010). Consequently, Salfordia being part of the five million small and medium companies in UK will be benefited from the already government plan action implemented as described below: committed to reduce small profits rate of corporation tax to 20% (from April 2011) helped new businesses grow in areas most needing an enterprise boost, through the introduction of an employer National Insurance Contributions holiday for new businesses in target regions asked the Office of Tax Simplification to recommend how small business tax can be simplified introduced a one year temporary increase in the level of small business rate relief (from October 2010) pledged that regulation will be the last resort not the first; and where the case for regulation has been made, any that deem SMEs to be in scope must have a compelling case for their inclusion Moreover, other further actions that ministers from Department for Business, Cabinet Office, Treasury and Communities and Local Government have announced in order to support small businesses are: Improving access to finance Opening up government procurement and ensuring prompt payment Making sure our competition framework helps new companies access existing markets Providing targeted support to those that have high-growth potential Ensuring that Government is deliberately reoriented towards their needs (BIS, 2010). 1.9 Threats Threats are part of our life, so special attention needs to be given on family nature business as they are not exempted of threats. Example: Family feuding, letting emotions run the Business, Nepotism and no succession plan. Family businesses as well as any other organisation are faced with internal conflict which usually arises from the incapability to divide business and personal lives. Being Salfordia a family business is more likely that could face this sort of problem. Occasionally the feuding is due to the varied interests of each family member, personal egos or personal rivalries that spill into the business environment. This is a negative fact for any family business as they not share common goals, therefore it is important to eradicate such sort of behaviour. However, another common threat in family business is when business is running by emotions. This aspects could be perfectly facing Salfordia, as separate emotions from the business are not an easy task; being fou r out of six from the same family becomes a complicated situation as it is difficult to receive critical feedback from families. Therefore, a balance is required in order to control emotions. On one hand, if emotions interfere with the business, it can make the organisation appear weak to clients, and severely affect the ability to make sound business decisions. On the other hand, if people in charge are insensitive, it may appear cold and unfriendly. Yet, lack of sensitivity with family employees can also cause problems at home if people in charge are not careful. Therefore, it is required to determine the right balance of emotion needed based on the dynamics of your business environment. To conclude one of the reasons that many family business fails are due to the lack of no succession Plan. For instance if someone retires, leaves, or perhaps passes away it is vital to have a plan, otherwise the business fails (Indalecio, 2010). 2. The proposal This section consists on the elaboration of a proposal for how Salfordias organisation and culture could be changed, by identifying key strategies and drivers to enable it to become a more efficient, effective and collaborative organisation. Therefore, the follow fragments address important issues to do with the structuring of organizations and the resourcing of strategies, both important in effecting strategic change. However, Gerry et al. (2008) counter that designing a structure and putting in place appropriate resources do not ensure that people will make a strategy happen as managers report indicates that major problem with managing change the tendency of organizations are towards inertia and resistance to change because people tend to hold on to existing ways of doing things. Nevertheless, Cameron and Green, (2004) argue that changes occur in an organization as no organization is static. Those changes are influenced by factors either internal or external. So in order to change the organization and culture, it is required to adjust its current management. The change management is fundamental in a decline organisation such as Salfordia, as this is the process which continually would renew the organisations direction, structure and capabilities in order to serve the ever-changing needs of external and internal customers (Moran and Brightman, 2001). On the other hand, Al-Mashari and Zairi (1999) disputed that change management does not only deal with the renewing of organizations direction as it also involves the introduction of newly-designed processes and structures into existing practice through techniques that impact changes on human and socio-cultural issues. These factors described above highlighted the significance of the people component in making changes. This confirms that a successful change management is a function of the ability to manage people through the introduced changes. However, Burnes (1991) explained that such changes should b e taken gradually as fast changes, rather than sustaining the organization, can lead to a disintegration of the common goals and ways of working which have previously existed in the organization. In addition, Buch and Wetzel (2001) concluded that most processes designed to change organisational culture are said to take 10 years or longer. In this particular case, it is clear demonstrated that Salfordia needs a radical change within the organization in order for them to react to the survival threat that it encounters in its business environment. Yet, these changes could either be facilitated or impeded by the existing culture. This demonstrates the cause why determined effort has been focussed towards managing changes in an organization (Lewin, 1951; Bullock and Batten, 1985; Kotter, 1996 cited in Cameron and Green, 2004) Due to the organization facing immediate decline in turnover or profits, a big bang approach to change might be needed on this occasion, as Salfordia faces cr isis or needs to change direction fast. However, in terms of how Salfordias organisation and culture could be changed, the key strategies and drivers to enable it should combine these two types of strategic change: On one hand, revolution is a strategic that would require rapid and major strategic change and also culture change. Usually this is applied in circumstances where the strategy has been so bounded by the existing culture that, even when environmental or competitive pressures might require fundamental change, the organization has failed to respond. This might have occurred over many years and resulted in circumstances where pressures for change are extreme-for example, a takeover threatens the continued existence of a firm. On the other hand, evolution is another approach appropriate to apply to Salfordia as this strategy requires also culture change, but over time. Since the company has pointed a Business Development Manager, this anticipates the need for transformat ional change. The organisation may then be in a position of planned evolutionary change, with time in which to achieve it (Gerry et al., 2008). 2.1 Change Management Process Establishing a Sense of Urgency is a key factor in the change management process in an organization, as Kotter (2002) counter the first key to successful execution of change in an organization is to certify that sufficient people act with adequate urgency to generate a prolonged seismic surge towards the identification of the need to make changes. Moreover, Hayes (2007) states that this is needed as culture and organization structures are occasionally unexpected which makes them ingrained in an organizations activities, making it complicated to see the need to change particularly when such ways have yielded success. When establishing the sense of urgency, the staff of Salfordia must be prepared to recognize the need for change. The capability to impress this need on the staff would dictate the rate of sense of urgency created. This would be the core driving the people through the following stages of change process. In order to achieve that Kotter (2002) suggested mediums which i mpacts on both the intellects and emotional feelings of the employees to stir up the sense of urgency. Therefore, the following methods could be adopted to establish a sense of urgency in the change management process of Salfordia. Create an awareness of the companys vision of the synergy to be created through the acquisition process. Create an awareness of the new culture and structure and how it will help to sustain the proposed strategy of the company. Stress the dependence of the company on the effort of every staff of Salfordia towards achieving this goal. The process of change management starts with the elaboration of change management portfolio which oversees the evolution from the present condition to the intentional condition. The points encountered in the first stage can be communicated through a well organized integration workshop. The adoption of multimedia helps to encourage facts and works best on emotions, as they are not easily forgotten. After establi shing a Sense of Urgency the next step is creating guiding coalition. This step becomes vital in the comprehension of the integration process as it rapidly capitalizes on the outcome of the first step. In order to achieve the course of the change, it would be required to form teams comprising of highly motivated members, because this would serve as model to others in the company of what the organization want them to be. However, the composition of the team must be such that the roles ordinary of a team are sufficiently covered and in the right proportion. According to Belbin (1993) nine main roles are essential in a team and the criteria for satisfying the role. In addition he identified the coordinator and shaper role as a significant role as the role player drives other members of the team. These role players facilitate to connect the synergy of the team member and give the team direction towards achieving its goals. 2.3 Strategic leadership The leadership role in the guiding team is very important as a leader gives motivates, coordinates and gives direction to other members of the formed team. The leader in the Salfordia organization must be appointed based on clear vision of the companys direction and ability to influence the members of the team. According to Gerry et al., (2008) leader is not necessarily someone at the top, but rather someone who is in a position to have influence in their organisation. For this scenario as the brief states the role of leader could be undertaken by one of the family board members who has recently completed a Masters degree in Business Administration and is pushing for Salfordia to conduct a review of its business strategies. This action is described by Gerry et al., (2008) as charismatic leaders, who are mainly concerned with building a vision for the organization and energizing people to achieve it. Furthermore, he states that in current situation of Salfordia, these leaders have p articularly beneficial impact on performance when the people who work for them see the organization facing uncertainty. 2.4 Developing a Vision and Strategy A strategy to conduct the course of the company is essential particularly in a post merger condition. Vision may become impractical if there are no resources presented to implement them. The guiding teams assist to divulge the faculty of the firm by tapping into the tacit awareness of the members. The progress and success of the guiding team build trust and commitment on the staff of Salfordia. 2.5 Communicating the Change Vision When companies are going through organizational changes, communication becomes a vital factor to address as it has a close tie with the companys success. The reason of it is because communication is an integral part of human society as it helps in developing and understanding peoples culture. According to Burnes (1991) poor communications is one of the factors why organizations have not been able to implement changes successfully. Since communication in an organization is frequently in a top-down direction, it is important to stress the need for the leaders and top managers to be excellent communicators. Moreover, emphasizing the connection between leadership and communication, Marbin et.al. (2001) assured that communication and strong leadership play a fundamental part in preparing any organisation for change and in guiding the organization through the upheavals that result from changes made. However, Smith (2003) argued that breakdown in leadership, in communication with em ployees and project management failures has the strongest association with failure. As a result, a leader who has the facility to spread the vision of the organizational is needed to execute a successful change. In order to achieve that Dunphy and Stace (1990, p. 154 cited in Abraham et. al 1999, p.113) counter that such leaders create a new powerful and compelling vision for the future, demonstrate personal commitment to the vision, communicate the vision through a variety of strategies and implement it by building an effective top team, reorganizing and building a new culture. Furthermore, Bechtel and Squires (2001) suggested that all disseminated communication should address three components the strategic (what and why we are implementing the change) the tactical (how are we implementing the change) and the personal (what is in it for me). This gives an idea of what the component of communication may be in an organization undergoing change. 2.6 Collaborative contractual arrangement (partnering Route) Since the establishment of Salfordia the company has been using the traditional procurement, as a procurement system. The traditional system as any other procurement provides advantages and disadvantages. However, in the midst of the global credit crunch, it is required to stress on the risk that this procurement route is presenting to Salfordia. Such risks are: The overall programme may be longer due to the need to produce a fully detailed design before the project goes out to competitive tender and work starts on site The Client must have the resources and access to the expertise necessary to administer the contracts of consultants and the main contactor The consecutive timing of design and construction results in a lack of continuity between the designer and the builder (and hence less input on buildability) Claims for delay and disruption can arise if the design is not fully detailed prior to agreeing the contract sum or if the Client varies the design afterwards Yet, in order to successful implement the Change Management Process to Salfordia, it is recommended to explore alternatives procurement. By analysing the current culture of the organisation and the market itself it is advised that Salfordia should embrace the implementation of Partnering route. The reason of that is due to the Partnering route being a collaborative approach which benefits all parties involved, as it focuses on the needs of the customer. In addition, this system would improve performance through collaborative business relationships based on best value rather than lowest cost. This management approach is usually used by two or more organisations to achieve specific business objectives by maximising the effectiveness of each participants resources. However, it requires that Salfordia and the other parties work together in an open and trusting relationship based on mutual objectives, an agreed method of problem resolution and an active search for continuous measurab le improvements. Nevertheless, in order to make this change possible it is required considerable effort to set up and hard work to maintain it. Therefore, before embarking on the search for partners, Salfordia need to understand their own readiness for the journey including: Have we determined what we want to partner and why? Is our management structure appropriate and Do we have the right skills? Have we recognised our cultural attitude? Are we communicating our intentions and listening to the concerns of our people? Is the organisation sufficiently flexible and prepared to respond to change? By answer these questions the benefits that the Partnering procurement could offer to Salfordia organization are: Increased customer satisfaction Better value for the client Recognition and protection of profit margin for contractors and suppliers Staff development and satisfaction Creation of an environment that encourages innovation and technical developme nt Better understanding between partners and driving down of real costs Design integration with specialists in the supply chain Improved buildability through early involvement of the contractors Duplication eliminated Better predictability of time and cost Shorter overall delivery period Stability which provides more confidence for better planning and investment in staff and resources Staff training Staff training development is an indispensable preliminary strategy to steer clear of problems through proactive planning. However, implementing successful behavioral interventions require that all those involved in the intervention are thoroughly knowledgeable about and competent in the use of specific intervention techniques. Advertising Advertising plays an important role in the 5 years strategy plan for Salfordia as this is the most important tool in the marketing of products and services. The expenses on advertising are considered to be a profitable  investment that reaps profits both in the long and short run. Businesses that keep on advertising regardless of rise or fall in the economic times get a reasonable advantage over those that cut their ad budgets. Advertising offers many benefits: Information to the customer Improves the sale of product Alters the attitudes of people Direct communication Increase employment Economic progress 3. Conclusion Change is an important aspect in an organization life. The change management activity is an integral part of the change strategic plan for Salfordia. This task becomes more demanding based on the socio cultural differences of the organizations. The fact that each organisation has its own culture, it affects their organizational structure. Therefore, the importance to have a leadership who plays a vital role in an organisation, as he o her can influence their staff in order to improve the good performance of organisations. With the creation of mutual trust, communication, and technology innovation, it is expected that the goal behind the strategic plan for Salfordia will be achieved.